Literature
- Cope, E. D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton expedition to Equador and the upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140.
- Gaffney, E. S. 1975b. A phylogeny and classification of the higher categories of turtles. Bull. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist. 155: 387-436.
- Gaffney, E. S. 1984. Historical analysis of theories of chelonian relationship. System. Zool. 33: 282-301.
- Gaffney, E. S., J. H. Hutchison, F. A. Jenkins, Jr., and L. J. Meeker. 1987. Modern turtle origins: the oldest known cryptodire. Science (New York) 237: 289-291.
- Romer, A. S. 1956. Osteology of the reptiles. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 772 pp.